Introduction & Objective: Hemodialysis (HD) is the most common substitute procedure for renal transplantation which is done so far for patients at the end stage of renal disease (ESRD). The arteriovenous fistula (AVF) remains the ideal vascular access for HD patients. Limited studies for evaluation of the effect of inflammatory process on the AVF failure have been done. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of inflammatory markers in the early failure of the fistula. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 87 ESRD patients with AVF surgery were enrolled and followed for 1 month for early failure and complications. The analysis was performed using SPSS v.18. Data related to age, gender, complications, Hemoglobin, AVF site, ESR& CRP were entered in a check list for each patient. Results are shown as the mean and Standard deviation (SD) for quantitative variables and percentage for qualitative variables and compared using standard statistical tests such as Independent Samples T-test, Mann-Whitney-U and Chi-square tests. P value less than 0.05 was considered as significant Results: The mean age of patients was (55.9±16.8) years; there was a male preponderance (73%). 93% of AVFs were created in the left arm, all in radiocephalic anastomosis. The most frequent complication seen in our patients was thrombosis (8%). Our results showed that the frequency of failure was higher among patients with positive CRP (P