Comparison between Body Image, Self-Esteem and Mental Health of Females Requesting and Non-Applicant Rhinoplasty Referred to two Kermanshah Cosmetic Surgery Centers in 2017-2018

Eftekhari, SP; Fatahi, A; Ahmadi, Seyed Majid; Ahmadi, SM

Comparison between Body Image, Self-Esteem and Mental Health of Females Requesting and Non-Applicant Rhinoplasty Referred to two Kermanshah Cosmetic Surgery Centers in 2017-2018

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

SP Eftekhari ¹

A Fatahi ¹

Seyed Majid Ahmadi ²

SM Ahmadi ³

¹ Public Health Expert, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran

² Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences

³ Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences

Abstract

Introduction & Objective: Rhinoplasty is one of the most common cosmetic surgeries in Iran increasing in number daily. Studies have shown that psychological factors influence people's tendency to cosmetic surgery. The present study aimed to compare body image, self-esteem, and mental health indices between cosmetic surgery applicants and non-applicants in women referred to two Kermanshah cosmetic surgery centers in 2018-2019. Materials & Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study performed on a sample of 64 women in two Kermanshah cosmetic surgery centers including a private clinic and Taleghani hospital in 2018-2019. In this study, 32 applicants for rhinoplasty were compared with 32 non-applicants. Data were collected using the multidimensional body-self relations questionnaire (MBSRQ) developed by Cash (1997), the Cooper-Smith Self-esteem Questionnaire (1967) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) developed by Goldberg and Miller (1997). The gathered data were analyzed using SPPSS-16 software and descriptive and inferential statistics of independent t groups and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Significance level in this study was considered less than 0.05. Results: The mean score of mental health in the applicant group was 28.56 ± 06.14 higher than the non-applicant group (96.49 ± 63.10) (P = 0.22, T = 0.22) and among the mental health subscales, only depression showed a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.003). Mean score of depression was 53.13 ± 48.5 in the applicant group and 09.10 ± 15.3 in the non-applicant group. The mean total score of self-esteem did not differ significantly between the two groups (P = 0.22). Among the subscales of self-esteem, only the variables of family self-esteem (mean score of applicant group = 34.4±38.1 and mean score of non-applicant group=18.5 ±06.1, P = 0.008) and social self-esteem (mean score of applicant group = 90.3±30.1 and mean score of non-applicant group = 68.4 ± 96, P = 0.008) showed significant difference between two groups. Also, body image and its subscales were not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions: According to the results of this study, depression and low family and social self-esteem can lead to cosmetic surgeries, thus using effective interventions in this field, unnecessary cosmetic surgeries can be prevented.

Keywords

Nose Cosmetic Surgery

Mental Health

Self-esteem

Body Image

1. Totonchi J, Fakhari A, kolahi F. Psychological symptoms associated with satisfaction after surgery rhinoplasty. Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. 1386; 29(2): 71-76.

2. Zare bahram abadi M, Dehghani E. Comparison of emotional intelligence, and quality of life of applicants Tsvyrbdn rhinoplasty and Control. Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences. 1393; 19: 84-92.

3. Rahimi A, Dalband M, Shamsaei F, Zarabian MK. Prevalence of body dysmorphia and psychological disorders relatives in cosmetic rhinoplasty volunteer. Iranian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing. 2013; 1(2): 70-78.

4. Asadi M, Salehi M, Sadooghi M, AfkhamEbrahimi A. Self-esteem and Attitude toward Body Appearance before and After Cosmetic Rhinoplasty. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2013; 19(1): 28-33.

5. Zamani N, Fazilatpour M. The effects of cosmetic surgery on patients’ self-Esteem and negative image of themselves. Kerman University of Medical Sciences. 2013; 20(5): 492-504.

6. Mohammadi N, Sadat Sajadinejad M. The Evaluation of psychometric properties of Body Image Concern Inventory and examination of a model about the relationship between body mass index, body image dissatisfaction and self-esteem in adolescent girls. Faculty of Education and Psychology, Al-Zahra University. 2007; 3(1): 85-101.

7. Khanjani Z, Babapour J, Saba G. Comparison of psychopathology in people seeking cosmetic surgery with controls. Pejouhandeh 2012; 17(1): 26-31.

8. Mas'udzadeh A, karkhane Yousefi M, Tirgari A. Compare personality patterns and general health status of applicants Rhinoplasty and controls. Scientific-Research Address: witness. 1388; 16(82): 53-58.

9. Khanjani Z, Babapour J, Saba G. Investigating Mental Status and Body Image in Cosmetic Surgery Applicants in Comparison with Non-applicants. Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences. 2012; 20(2): 237-248.

10. Amidi M, Ghofranipour F, Hosseini R. The

relationship between body image dissatisfaction and body mass index in adolescent girls. Journal of Behavioral Sciences. 1385; 4(2-1): 59-65.

11. Baniasadi H. Effects of rhinoplasty on women’s body image. Dermatology and Cosmetic. 2011; 3(4): 194-201.

12. Sadeghi some olyayi R, Khodabakhshi Koolaee A, Akbari ME, Kvhsaryan M, Klhrnyaglkar M. Body image and self-esteem: a comparison of two groups of women with breast cancer. Journal of Breast Disease. 1391; 5(2, 3): 16-29.

13. Slupchynskyj O, Gieniusz M,. Rhinoplasty for African American Patients. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2008; 10(4): 232-236.

14. Ozgur F, Tuncali D, Guler Gursh K. Life satisfaction, self-esteem, and body image: A psychosocial evaluation of aesthetic and reconstructive surgery candidates. Aesth Plast Surg. 1998; 22: 412-419.

15. Cash TF. The body image worbook: An
8-step 1 program for learning to like your looks. 1997 New Harbinger: Oaklans.

16. Cash, TF. The psychology of physical appearance aesthetics, attributes, and change. (1990). (pp-51-79). New York. (Guilford press).

17. Janda, Louis H. Personality Tests. Translation: Mohammad Ali Besharat and Mohammad Habib Nejad. 2005. Tehran: Ayje Publishing. First Edition.

18. Coopersmit S. Self-esteem Inventory, 1967. Published: consulting Psychologists Coopersmit S. Manual of Self-esteem Inventory, 1990 Published: consulting Psychologists.

19. Coopersmit, S. (1990). Manual of Self-esteem Inventory, Published: consulting Psychologists.

20. Fasih Zadeh Naini M. The relationship between sensation seeking with mental health and self esteem Islamic Azad University of Arsanjan. [Thesis]. Arsanjan, Iran: University of Arsanjan Branch; 2002.

21. Taghavi S M R. Validity and Reliability of General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) 2001; (20): 382-398.

22. Goldberg, D & Williams PA user’s guide to the General Health Questionnaire, 1988, U.K.:
NFER-NELSON.