Introduction & Objective: Covid-19 Vaccination in pregnant women may affect the central nervous system of newborn, but this issue has not been confirmed and requires comprehensive investigations. Due to the fact that no comprehensive study has been conducted in Iran to investigate neurologic complications requiring surgery in infants born to women vaccinated with covid-19 vaccines, we decided to conduct this study with the aim of the effect of covid-19 vaccination of pregnant women on the occurrence of neuro surgical requiring intervention in newborns. Materials & Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted with the participation of 718 pregnant women (429 vaccinated and 289 unvaccinated) during the year 2022; Maternal and neonatal complications and complications related to neurological procedures requiring surgery were recorded from the existing information system. Chi-square, t-test, ANOVA and multiple binary logistic regressions were used to compare the data of two groups. Results: Vaccination of Covid-19 in pregnant women leads to an increase in intracerebral hemorrhage (95% CI: 1.85-3.77 and (OR=1.41) and brain cyst (1.13-13.96: 95% CI: 1.55-3.77 OR=1) in babies born from them. While significant effect on hydrocephalus (OR=0.91), craniosynostosis (95% CI: 0.45-0.96 and OR=0.88), tubal defect There was no neurological (95% CI: 0.14-0.45 and OR=0.37) and vascular thrombosis (0.77-0.97: 95% CI and OR=0.89). Conclusions: Covid-19 vaccination has been associated with many benefits and has increased public health; However, performing it in pregnant women has been associated with rare complications that were investigated in this study; The results of this study showed that the covid-19 vaccination in pregnant women leads to an increase in intracerebral bleeding and brain cysts in newborns; However, more studies are needed to confirm these results.