مروری بر ضربان‌سازهای قلبی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه مهندسی پزشکی، دانشکده فنی مهندسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد شهرکرد

2 دﻛﺘﺮای ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ، داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه اﺻﻔﻬﺎن

3 ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ، داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻓﻨﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﻛﺎﺷﺎن

چکیده
ضربان‌سازها دستگاه‌های الکترونیکی هستند که قلب را با تکانه‌های الکتریکی تحریک می‌کنند تا ضربان قلب طبیعی را حفظ یا بازیابی کنند. امروزه ما تمایل داریم که دفیبریلاتورهای قلبی کاشتنی [Implantable Cardiac Defibrillator (ICD)] را به‌عنوان توسعه‌دهنده یک ضربان‌ساز قلب در نظر بگیریم، دستگاهی با یک خازن که امکان تحویل شارژ دفیبریلاتور را فراهم می‌کند. طبیعی به نظر می‌رسد که وقتی یک ضربان‌ساز ساخته شد، یک دفیبریلاتور قلبی کاشتنی نیز ساخته شود. بااین‌حال، مسیر توسعه برای دفیبریلاتورهای قلبی کاشتنی اولیه عمدتاً جدا از ضربان‌سازها بود و برخلاف ضربان‌سازها، توسط یک گروه توسعه داده شد. در واقع، حتی زمانی که استفاده از ضربان‌ساز در حال رشد بود، بسیاری از کارشناسان از این ایده که یک دفیبریلاتور قلبی کاشتنی می‌تواند کار کند با شک و تردید استقبال کردند. این دستـگاه‌ها ممکـن اسـت شامـل ضـربان‌سـازهای تک یا دو محفـظه، دفیبـریلاتورهای قلبـی کاشتنی خـودکار [Automatic Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (AICD)] ضربان‌سازهای دوبطنی مورد استفاده برای درمان همگام‌سازی مجدد قلب [Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (CRT)]، همگام‌ساز مجدد قلب بی‌سیم، ضربان‌سازهای بدون لید و دفیبریلاتورهای قلبی کاشتنی زیر جلدی [Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (SICD)] هستند. اکثر رادیولوژیست‌ها ضربان‌سازهای معمولی را به‌خوبی می‌شناسند. افزایش استفاده از دستگاه‌های ضربان‌ساز جدیدتر، ازجمله دفیبریلاتورهای قلبی، توسط رادیولوژیست‌ها موجب شناخت بیشتر آن‌ها خواهد شد. این شناخت برای رادیولوژیست‌ها بسیار مهم است و باید موقعیت مورد انتظار و همچنین عوارض احتمالی آن‌ها را برای ارائه گزارش‌های دقیق و مرتبط بالینی درک کنند. هدف این مطالعه ارائه یک بررسی در مورد دستگاه‌های ضربان‌ساز و دفیبریلاتور کاشتنی فعلی است.

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