Background and Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly impacted healthcare systems and treatment protocols, particularly surgical procedures. This study examines the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing surgery during the incubation period of COVID-19 infection. Materials & Methods: In this analytical cross-sectional study conducted in 2019, clinical data from surgical patients in the COVID-19 incubation period were collected and analyzed. Clinical characteristics included age, sex, type of surgery, and postoperative outcomes such as length of hospital stay and mortality. All data were entered into SPSS version 22, and statistical analysis was performed using t-tests and chi-square tests, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: The mean operative time for elective surgeries was 3.87 ± 1.12 hours in PCR-positive patients and 2.7 ± 0.98 hours in PCR-negative patients. For minor surgeries, the mean operative time was 4.11 ± 2.12 hours in PCR-positive patients and 3.5 ± 1.14 hours in PCR-negative patients. Major surgeries lasted 12.3 ± 3.3 hours in PCR-positive patients and 11.8 ± 2.5 hours in PCR-negative patients. The results revealed a statistically significant difference in recovery time between the two groups (p < 0.001), with COVID-19 patients experiencing longer recovery periods and higher mortality rates compared to non-COVID-19 patients. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that patients with COVID-19 undergoing surgery during the incubation period had prolonged recovery times and higher mortality rates than non-infected patients. These findings underscore the importance of thorough preoperative screening for COVID-19 infection before elective and non-urgent surgeries and highlight the need for precautionary measures to mitigate surgical risks in COVID-19 patients.